Terminal loop sequences in viral double-stranded RNAs modulate RIG-I signaling

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FIGURE 5.
FIGURE 5.

X + RSV 1–48 activates innate immune signaling in mice. (A) Schematic of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing X + RSV 1–48 (X 1–48) or X + RSV 189–236 (X 189–236). (B) Dynamic light scattering measurement of LNP sizes of empty LNPs, X 1–48, and X 189–236. (C) LNPs were injected subcutaneously into the footpad of mice. Sixteen hours after injection, RNA was collected, and the RNA expression of IFNB1, MX1, CXCL10, and IL1B was quantified by qPCR. One-way ANOVAs with Tukey's HSD post hoc test were performed for statistical analysis. (ns) P > 0.05, (**) P < 0.01, (***) P < 0.001, (****) P < 0.0001. Data reported are five individual mice.

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