Probing the epitranscriptome and RNA damage with nanopore direct RNA sequencing

Antibiotic stress in S. aureus results in a resistant strain with a 23S T1732C mutation in the second rDNA operon. (A) Long-read nanopore DNA sequencing to reveal the mutated operon. (B) Short-read DNA sequencing results in ambiguity in which operon is mutated. The C miscall frequency in each of the six operons based on the short-read sequencing data is 17% or 1/6th. The figure was adapted from our prior work (Copoulos et al. 2025).