
Cryo-EM reconstructions of the λN (PDB 6GOV) and rnn (PDB 6TQO) antitermination complexes show how the antitermination factors bind RNAP and the nascent transcript to shield them efficiently from Rho action (compare with Fig. 2B,D). The complexes also sequester NusG-CTD (by NusE) and prevent RNAP pausing or backtracking (Krupp et al. 2019; Huang et al. 2020).










