
(A) Ribosomes were immobilized by the hybridization of the 3′ end of the mRNA (m291 or dnaX) to a complementary biotinylated DNA oligo bound to the slide surface via a neutravidin-biotin-PEG linkage. (B) The sequence of m291 (mRNA) and oligonucleotides used. The nucleotide register is shown starting at the first nucleotide in the P site as +1. Oligonucleotides are labeled as +10 up to +16 in single nucleotide increments. Shine–Dalgarno (SD) sequence and codons occupying the P and A sites are highlighted. (C) The sequence of the GC-rich dnaX hairpin.










