Proliferation of cells expressing wild-type or mutant tRNA. Cell growth was monitored using Cell Counting Kit-8 for HEK 293T cells only or cells transfected with a plasmid expressing no additional tRNA or (A) wild-type tRNAAlaCGC or the Glu-decoding G35T mutant, (B) wild-type tRNAAlaUGC or the Val-decoding G35A mutant, and (C) wild-type tRNAAlaAGC or the Thr-decoding C36T mutant. (D) The rate of proliferation was calculated as the slope of each growth curve over 72 h, and (E) the level of cell proliferation was estimated from the area under the curve. Independent sample t-tests were (n.s., not significant, * P < 0.05) based on at least n = 3 biological replicates. In A–C, significant differences between the mutant tRNA and the wild-type tRNA (colored *) or vector only control (gray *) are indicated.
