FIGURE 1.
(A) Schematic showing how premature termination triggers the NMD pathway. Premature stop codons can be defined by the large distance separating them from the poly(A) tail and/or their proximity to mRNA binding proteins that enhance NMD, such as EJCs. (B) Schematic demonstrating how ribosome stalling can lead to ribosome collisions, which includes disomes (smallest units) as well as trisomes and higher-order complexes. The extent of ribosome queueing depends on many factors, including TE and the duration of the stalling event. Both stalled 80S ribosomes and disomes can be detected by QC pathways (Table 1). Created with BioRender.com.
