Functional consequences of T-stem mutations in E. coli tRNA^Thr_UGU in vitro and in vivo

Mutations that restore the function of variant 20. (A) The sequence of variant 20, which fails to support E. coli growth, with the deleterious mutations indicated in red. Arrows indicate three separate point mutations that restore its function. (B) The effect of the A52G mutation on the ΔG° of binding of variants to EF-Tu and on their ability to support growth in the absence of pMAK705. Bar color distinguishes variants that support E. coli growth in the absence of pMAK705 (green) from those that do not (red).