The Landscape of Eukaryotic mRNPs

Abstract

The proper regulation of mRNA processing, localization, translation, and degradation occurs on mRNPs. However, the global principles of mRNP organization are poorly understood. Although much information remains to be discovered, we utilize existing information to present a synthesis of mRNP understanding with the following key points. First, mRNPs form a compacted structure due to the inherent folding of RNA. Second, the ribosome is the principal mechanism by which mRNA regions are partially decompacted. Third, mRNPs are 50%-80% protein by weight, suggesting the majority of mRNA sequences are not directly interacting with RNA binding proteins. Finally, the ratio of mRNA-binding proteins to mRNAs is higher in the nucleus to allow effective RNA processing and limit the potential for nuclear RNA based aggregation. This synthesis of mRNP understanding provides a model for mRNP biogenesis, structure, and regulation with multiple implications.