Chloroplast C-to-U RNA editing in vascular plants is adaptive due to its restorative effect: testing the restorative hypothesis

Cumulative editing levels of genes. (A) The cumulative nonsynonymous editing levels in each edited gene of all species. (B) Spearman's correlation (Rho) between cumulative editing level per gene (nonsynonymous minus synonymous) and gene expression level. Angiosperms are colored in blue; gymnosperms are colored in red; ferns are colored in green. (C) Spearman's correlation (Rho) between mean editing level per gene (nonsynonymous minus synonymous) and gene expression level. For the 21 Rho's, the geometric mean of the 21 corresponding P-values is 1.4 × 10⁻⁶.