
Effect of pH on capping activities. (A) FCE and VCE exhibit the highest capping activity at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0. (B) Effect of pH on component enzyme activities. Both enzymes exhibit similar responses outside of optimal pH values. At pH 6.0, the accumulation of ppp− substrate indicates that the TPase activity of both enzymes is negatively affected. At pH 9.0, the accumulation of pp− product indicates that the forward GTase activity of both enzymes is negatively affected. Data points are the average value of triplicated experiments. Error bars represent standard deviations.










