
FCE and VCE generate the m7Gppp− (Cap-0) structure through the same pathway. Under identical conditions (1× RNA capping buffer, 0.5 mM GTP, 0.1 mM SAM, 1 mM DTT, and 5 nM enzyme at 25°C), FCE and VCE underwent the same reaction pathway to generate the m7Gppp− cap from 5′ triphosphate. As the concentration of 5′ ppp-RNA (blue circles) decreased over time, the concentration of the TPase product pp− (orange circles) increased initially and decreased over time, followed by a similar trend with a smaller amplitude for the GTase product Gppp− (gray circles) and an increase in N7MTase product m7Gppp− (yellow circles).










