Biological solution conditions and flanking sequence modulate LLPS of RNA G-quadruplex structures

Dual flanked-A₉ mixed with dual flanked-U₉ phase separate when combined. (A) UV-thermal denaturation monitored at 294 nm first derivative plot in the presence of both polyamines 0.4 mM spermidine and 0.3 mM spermine. T_m is the temperature with a minimum in the first derivative. (B) Representative confocal microscopy fields in various polyamine conditions. (C) Turbidity percentages of dual flanked-A₉ mixed with dual flanked-U₉ in both polyamines. All experiments were completed in the background of 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) and K₁₅₀N₁₀M_0.5.