Biological solution conditions and flanking sequence modulate LLPS of RNA G-quadruplex structures

UV thermal denaturation and confocal microscopy of dual-flanked GQs. Sequences (A) without and (B) with both polyamines 0.4 mM spermidine and 0.3 mM spermine. T_m is the temperature with a minimum in the first derivative. Confocal images shown below corresponding melting plots. All samples were monitored at 294 nm and were in the background of 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) and K₁₅₀N₁₀M_0.5. (G₃A₂)₄ is shown in orange as a reference point for the early melting transition in both polyamines.