Biological solution conditions and flanking sequence modulate LLPS of RNA G-quadruplex structures

Thermal denaturation of 5′-flanking sequences. Experiments were completed in the (A) absence and (B) presence of both polyamines (0.3 mM spermine and 0.4 mM spermidine). All samples were in the background of 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5) and K₁₅₀N₁₀M_0.5. Melts were monitored at 294 nm with a heating rate of 0.5°C/min. T_m is the temperature with a minimum in the first derivative. (G₃A₂)₄ is shown in orange as a reference point for the early melting transition in both polyamines.