Comparison of CpG- and UpA-mediated restriction of RNA virus replication in mammalian and avian cells and investigation of potential ZAP-mediated shaping of host transcriptome compositions

Replication of E7 replicons in control A549 and chicken DF-1 cell line. Cells were transfected with 50 ng/well of in vitro transcribed RNA of E7 replicon with a 3′UTR variant WT, permuted (CDLR), CpG low (cu) and elevated of CpG (CpG-H) and UpA (UpA-H) and assayed for luciferase expression at 6 h post transfection. Relative replication in control human cell lines A549, A549 ZAP k/o, and DF-1 cells. Significance of differences from WT replication were calculated by two-tailed paired t-test; asterisks show significance values as follows: (***) P < 0.001, (**) P < 0.01, and (*) P < 0.05