Cytoplasmic lncRNA expression is regulated during neuronal differentiation. (A) Schematic of Poly-Ribo-Seq, with three levels of analysis: (i) total cytoplasmic, (ii) polysome-associated, and (iii) translated lncRNAs. (B) Volcano plot of differential expression analysis of polysome-associated lncRNAs (labeled by geneIDs and names for candidate lncRNAs) between Control and RA populations. Two hundred and thirty-seven lncRNAs are up-regulated during differentiation and 82 down-regulated (log2 fold-change cutoff = 1, Padj < 0.05). Pie chart of types of lncRNAs (C) up-regulated and (D) down-regulated upon differentiation (intergenic; antisense; sense-overlapping; retained intron; sense-intronic; uncharacterized; NMD target). (E) LncRNAs of interest that are induced are specifically localized to cytoplasm as shown by subcellular fractionation RT-qPCR. XIST lncRNA was used as a nuclear and GAPDH mRNA as a cytoplasmic positive control (n = 3, SE is plotted, Student's t-test, n = 3, P > 0.05).
