An expanded class of histidine-accepting viral tRNA-like structures

Identified putative viral TLS^His sequences are histidylated in vitro. ³H-L-histidine incorporation of eight representative TLS^His RNAs identified through bioinformatic searches. Histidylation of each RNA, as measured by covalent incorporation of ³H-L-histidine by (A) S. cerevisiae histidine tRNA-synthetase and (B) N. tabacum histidine tRNA-synthetase at the 3′ adenosine, is normalized to yeast tRNA^His RNA. The dashed line and shaded region indicate the background of a reaction containing no RNA. Each reaction was performed in triplicate. Error bars represent one standard error from the mean.