FIGURE 4.
The shuttling of RNA-BPs between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is highly dependent on mRNA concentration in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (i) When mRNAs in the cytoplasm are degraded by viral ribonucleases or RNase L, a rapid accumulation of cytoplasmic RNA-BPs in the nucleus has been observed (Clyde and Glaunsinger 2010; Gilbertson et al. 2018; Burke et al. 2019). (ii) Similarly, when transcription is blocked, many nuclear RNA-BPs accumulate in the cytoplasm (Hamilton et al. 1997). (iii) Finally, when ribosomes run-off mRNAs due to cellular stress and expose the ORF, several nuclear RNA-BPs move to the cytosol (Kedersha et al. 1999).
