FIGURE 2.
Cis- and trans-strategies for NMD avoidance. Both plant and animal viruses adopt either cis-based (left) or trans-based (right) strategies for antagonizing NMD. Cis-based strategies generally involve elements encoded in viral transcripts that may recruit host-cell factors or promote other processes during viral reproduction to shield viral RNA from NMD. Alternatively, trans-based strategies generally involve virally encoded proteins that are produced to directly interfere with host-cell NMD function.
