A tRNA body with high affinity for EF-Tu hastens ribosomal incorporation of unnatural amino acids

Kinetics of the fast phase of GTP hydrolysis and dipeptide synthesis with different AA-tRNA combinations. Time course of GTP hydrolysis (□) and dipeptide synthesis (▪) for dipeptide formation reaction from fMet-tRNA_i^fMet and aG-tRNA^AlaB (A), mS-tRNA^AlaB (B), Phe-tRNA^AlaB (C), Ala-tRNA^AlaB (D), or natural Phe-tRNA^Phe (E) are shown. Preinitiated ribosomes had Ala codon GCA (A–D) or Phe codon UUC (E) in the A site. All kinetics were measured at 37°C in LS3 buffer. Representative plots are shown for each assay.