
(A) Secondary structure of E. coli tRNA1Gln(UUG) indicating the positions of post-transcriptional modifications. The base modification at position U34 includes the 2-thio group as depicted, but its full identity is unknown. (B) Glutaminylation of native, fully modified E. coli tRNA1Gln. Diamonds indicate the time-course of aminoacylation after optimized folding at 21°C, circles indicate the time-course after flash-cooling at 0°C, and inverted triangles represent tRNA that was flash-cooled at 0°C and renatured at 21°C for 30 min prior to addition of enzyme. See text for details. (C) Glutaminylation of unmodified E. coli tRNA1Gln. Symbols are to be interpreted as in panel B.










