In vitro trans-translation of Thermus thermophilus: Ribosomal protein S1 is not required for the early stage of trans-translation

In vitro trans-translation systems. (A) Trans-transfer reaction. Stalled ribosomes with poly (Phe)-tRNA^Phe were incubated with [³H]Ala-tmRNA in the presence (closed circles) or absence (open circles) of 0.5 μM SmpB, and the incorporation of [³H]Ala into poly (Phe)-[³H]Ala was measured. (B) Resume codon decoding. Similarly, stalled ribosomes were incubated with unlabeled Ala-tmRNA^wt or Ala-tmRNA^92U in combination with [³H]Ala-tRNA^Ala (left panels) or [³H]Val-tRNA^Val (right panels). Error bars show the standard error of the average of three independent experiments.