In vitro trans-translation of Thermus thermophilus: Ribosomal protein S1 is not required for the early stage of trans-translation

Poly (U)-directed poly (Phe) synthesis. Ribosome, poly (U), and [¹⁴C]Phe-tRNA^Phe were incubated with elongation factors for 10 min at 65°C. (Gray bar) phenylalanine incorporation in the absence of any one of poly (U), GTP, EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G (-poly [U], -GTP, -Tu, -Ts and -G, respectively); (white bar) phenylalanine incorporation when any one of poly (U), GTP, EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G, [¹⁴C]Phe-tRNA^Phe, and ribosome was doubled (×2 poly [U], ×2 GTP, ×2 Tu, ×2 Ts, ×2 G, ×2 Phe-tRNA^Phe, and ×2 ribosome, respectively). The average results of three independent experiments are shown with standard errors.