Trans-acting glmS catalytic riboswitch: Locked and loaded

Changes over time in donor fluorescence (fluorescein, dark gray), acceptor fluorescence (tetramethylrhodamine, light gray), and acceptor:donor fluorescence ratio (black) of 10 nM doubly labeled substrate (analog) strand upon addition of 100 nM glmS ribozyme (Rz), and subsequently 10 mM GlcN6P under standard buffer conditions of 50 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.5), 200 mM KCl, and 10 mM MgCl₂ at 25°C, supplemented with 25 mM DTT as an oxygen scavenger.